Publication Ethics

Jurnal Legalitas (JLE) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and academic integrity. This publication ethics statement is developed with reference to the COPE Core Practices and applies to all authors, reviewers, editors, and other parties involved in the publication process.

1. Ethical Principles

Jurnal Legalitas is committed to ensuring that all published articles are the result of original, ethical, and responsible scholarly work. The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, manipulation of the peer-review process, or other forms of academic misconduct.

All parties involved in the publication process are expected to act with integrity, transparency, fairness, confidentiality, and respect for academic independence.

2. Responsibilities of Authors

Authors are responsible for:

* Ensuring that the submitted manuscript is original and has not been previously published or simultaneously submitted to another journal.
*Ensuring that all sources, quotations, data, arguments, and ideas derived from other works are properly acknowledged and cited.
*Ensuring that the manuscript accurately represents the research conducted and does not contain fabrication or falsification of data.
*Ensuring that all individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research are appropriately recognized as authors or contributors.
*Obtaining appropriate permission and ethical approval where required by the nature of the research.
*Disclosing any potential conflict of interest that may influence the research or its publication.
*Promptly informing the editor if a significant error is discovered in a submitted or published article.

3. Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for:

* Evaluating manuscripts objectively based on their academic quality, originality, relevance, and contribution.
* Ensuring that editorial decisions are made independently and without discrimination based on the author's identity, institutional affiliation, gender, religion, nationality, political views, or other irrelevant considerations.
* Maintaining the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and information relating to the review process.
* Selecting qualified and independent reviewers appropriate to the subject of the manuscript.
* Managing conflicts of interest and ensuring that manuscripts are not handled by editors with relevant competing interests.
* Taking appropriate and reasonable action when allegations of academic misconduct arise, including allegations made before or after publication.
* Issuing corrections, retractions, or other appropriate notices when necessary.

4. Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers are expected to:

* Conduct reviews objectively, fairly, and constructively.
* Evaluate manuscripts based on academic quality, originality, methodological rigor, relevance, and contribution.
* Maintain the confidentiality of all information obtained during the review process.
* Identify relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors where appropriate.
* Inform the editor of any potential conflict of interest before accepting or conducting a review.
* Decline the review if they lack the necessary expertise or cannot complete the review within the designated period.
* Not use unpublished information obtained through peer review for personal or professional advantage.

5. Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct

Jurnal Legalitas does not tolerate plagiarism, self-plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate or redundant publication, inappropriate authorship, citation manipulation, or other forms of academic misconduct.

Submitted manuscripts may be screened using appropriate plagiarism-detection software and may be subject to further investigation where ethical concerns arise.

When misconduct is suspected, the journal will conduct an appropriate assessment and may request clarification or supporting evidence from the authors and/or their affiliated institution. Where misconduct is confirmed, the journal may reject the manuscript, withdraw an accepted article, issue a correction or retraction, or take other appropriate action in accordance with established publication-ethics procedures.

6. Conflict of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other competing interests that could reasonably influence the research, review, or editorial decision.

Editors will take appropriate measures to ensure that conflicts of interest do not compromise the integrity and independence of the publication process.

7. Peer Review

Jurnal Legalitas applies a double-blind peer-review process, in which the identities of authors and reviewers are concealed from each other.

Each manuscript is evaluated by qualified reviewers based on its originality, legal and academic relevance, methodological soundness, quality of analysis, and contribution to the field.

The final editorial decision remains the responsibility of the editor and is based on the overall assessment of the manuscript and the peer-review process.

8. Corrections and Retractions

Jurnal Legalitas is committed to maintaining the integrity of the published scholarly record.

When a significant error or ethical problem is identified after publication, the journal may publish an appropriate correction, retraction, or editorial notice, depending on the nature and seriousness of the issue.

Post-publication concerns will be assessed fairly and transparently, with due consideration given to evidence provided by authors, readers, reviewers, or other relevant parties.

9. Complaints and Appeals

Authors may submit an appeal against an editorial decision or raise a complaint concerning the editorial or publication process.

Complaints and appeals will be handled objectively, confidentially, and without prejudice. The journal will review relevant evidence and provide an appropriate response in accordance with its editorial policies and publication-ethics principles.

Jurnal Legalitas is committed to resolving ethical concerns through a fair and transparent process while protecting the integrity of the scholarly record.